Short Answer 
Machiavelli argues that a conquering prince must dismantle a former republic to consolidate power and prevent rebellion. He supports this with historical examples, illustrating that maintaining elements of previous governance can lead to instability and risks to authority. Ultimately, this principle is key for rulers to establish a lasting and stable rule in newly acquired territories.
1. Understanding Machiavelli’s Argument
At the core of Machiavelli’s philosophy is the idea that a conquering prince, in order to maintain control over newly acquired territories, must take decisive actions against previous governing systems. He posits that if a prince wishes to consolidate power, especially over a former republic, strong measures are necessary. This approach stems from the belief that *former liberties* may incite rebellion among the populace.
2. Key Textual Evidence
Machiavelli provides specific examples which illustrate why a conquering prince must dismantle the former republic to avoid losing power. The key pieces of evidence include:
- Rome’s Control: The explanation of how Rome successfully held onto territories like Capua and Carthage demonstrates the necessity of assertive control.
- Rebellion Risks: The description of liberty as a rallying cry among former republics shows the potential dangers of allowing previous governance to remain intact.
- Florentines and Pisa: The example of Florence losing control over Pisa highlights the consequences of neglecting the dismantling of previous political structures.
3. Conclusion and Implications
Machiavelli’s insistence on the destruction of former republican governments is aimed at ensuring that the new ruler can establish a stable and enduring rule. He argues that failing to take these actions not only threatens the prince’s authority but also risks the revival of strong opposition. Therefore, understanding this principle serves as a crucial lesson for those who aspire to govern successfully in newly acquired regions.